Tips For Buying Used Synthesizers

Here are a few tips and guidelines in case you ever find yourself buying used synthesizers (or general music gear): 1. Beware of the tell tale dodgy synth seller signs. If he/she says “I’m selling this for a friend so I don’t know much about it” – stay away. If the ‘buy it now’ price is suspiciously low – stay away. Likewise, remember all the standard seller checks – such as feedback and payment options (in the case of eBay), and check the seller out by searching for his username on the net, and asking around for his reputation. 2. Get to know the seller before hand. Ask him questions such as how long he’s had it, what does he think of it, where did it come from. Ask him to post photo’s if he hasn’t already (actual photos that is – standard promo pictures are not useful), ask him to post sound samples, even ask him to post a video of...
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FM Synthesis Made Easy

‘Frequency Modulation’ (yes, the same as that thing you listen to on the radio) synthesis was made popular by Yamaha in the early 1980s with their line of DX synthesizers, which were instrumental in both the downfall of classic analogue synths, and giving keyboard players worldwide a polyphonic-palette of groundbreaking new sounds to use. Dedicated FM synthesizers are digital in nature due to the instability of analogue VCOs, and the nature of FM synthesis techniques makes it very easy to create un-pitched and metallic tones, rather than standard subtractive sounds. FM synthesis is based on two key things – a ‘modulator’ oscillator, and a ‘carrier’ oscillator. These oscillators usually both use a sine waveform, and from this the modulator oscillator works just like an LFO – because it modulates the frequency/pitch of the carrier oscillator. You can try this yourself on a normal subtractive synthesizer, by setting up a sine wave oscillator and an LFO, and using the LFO to modulate...
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Famous Synths – Part 2

Roland Juno-106 (1984): Finally, a synth that was marketed towards poor people, the Juno-106 put hybrid DCO-based synth technology into many musicians’ hands for the first time. Although limited with a single oscillator and filter, its distinctive chorus effect and 80s pop sounds helped define it as a winning machine. Roland D-50 (1987): Roland’s new LA synthesis architecture never took off, but it found a comfortable home in the still-popular D-50, which used an early 8-bit form of PCM sampling to achieve unique sounds never heard before. Along with plenty of polyphony, this 1987 hit found its way onto many records in the late 1980s and 90s, and is still used to this day. Korg M1 (1988): Apparently the most well-sold synth of all time, the M1 became a popular semi-workstation synth, combining an affordable price, sleek looks and excellent realistic sounds (remember the piano sound?). The A1 synthesis method allowed for excellent traditional subtractive synthesizer sounds though too, and combined with...
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Famous Synths – Part 1

Here’s a guide of what I feel are the ten most influential and important synthesizers in music history (in chronological order). While I do not necessarily endorse these particular synths, they undoubtedly left a lasting impact in the synthesizer industry. Moog MiniMoog (1970): The one that started them all. Although not exactly a super-affordable synth, the MiniMoog put throbbing bass, screaming melodies, and fancy SFX in a keyboard players hands. Sitting in a nice wooden case with a foldable lid (a design that never seemed to catch on), it frequently went out of tune, and didn’t have patch storage, or a dedicated LFO – but who cares; we were all over the moon back then weren’t we? ARP Odyssey (1972): The controversial rival to the MiniMoog, controversial of course because it stole the original 4-pole Moog filter design, the ARP engineers soon completed work on their own 2-pole filter, and, combined with a duophonic ability the Odyssey gave players an alternative synth...
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Nine Tips for Live Synthesizer Performances

Here are nine tips and tricks to make sure your gig goes as smoothly as possible when on-stage with your gear! 1.  Make sure to use proper furniture equipment. This includes heavy duty keyboard stands (try to use a double braced X-style stand for 2 or more tiers of keyboards), and suitable flight cases and rack-mount cases. Expensive as it may be, it will make equipment easier to access, and will prevent it from being damaged by accidents. 2.  Use quality power equipment. If you’re going to a venue you’re not familiar with, do you really want to blindly trust their plug sockets and power sources? If you don’t already have one at home, get yourself a power conditioner to sit in your rack. It can save your equipment if you use one live, and even at home it can prevent damage from power surges. Likewise, if you run on all-batteries, always bring spares. 3.  Only bring synths you really need. Yes, I’m...
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10 Tips For Creative Patch Programming – Part 2

6. Lateral thinking Lateral thinking makes big, complex sounds. Layering sounds works well for creating long, slow sounds, and can add extra punch to shorter sounds. In particular, for creating modulating, sweeping pad sounds try layering multiple patches with each one growing (attack) and disappearing (sustain) after each other. 7. Use multiple filters Many modern synthesizers feature two independent filters (maybe even multimode), which can be used in a parallel or sequence arrangement. Experiment with both, especially by using unusual filter modes such as band pass and notch filters, and also with sending different oscillators to different filters. Don’t forget that external filter units can be an interesting effect on the end of a signal chain, particularly if they are of an analogue nature – making them useful to warm up digital sounds. 8. SFX Patches Consider your options for SFX patches. The use of non-tonal oscillator waveforms are a key feature of ‘effects patches’, such as FM waveforms or noise sources. Self oscillation by...
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10 Tips For Creative Patch Programming – Part 1

1. Vary your oscillator waveforms! Instead of using 2 saw waves or 2 square waves detuned against each other, why not mix a saw wave and a square wave together, or even get creative using noise colours and the oft-ignored sine and triangle waves – mixing waveforms is the starting point to creative synthesizer patches. 2. Understand the ‘Decay’ and ‘Sustain’ elements of envelopes Remember that the decay is how long the sound lasts at full volume, and the sustain is the volume at which the sound plays after the decay stage - but before the release. These two stages are essential to accurate acoustic sound emulation, and add life and dynamics to any patch. 3. Use envelopes for modulations besides the usual amplification and filter sections If you’ve got a spare envelope (or on some synths, at least part of one) why not use it to good effect by modulating the oscillator pitch (sounds very D-50 like), PWM functions (good for percussive effects!), oscillator...
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Basic Sound Synthesis: Part 7 – Miscellaneous Stuff

Monophonic/Polyphonic: Early synthesizers were only capable of producing one note at a time, but through evolution of technology they became more and more powerful (and cheaper to produce), to the point that modern synthesizers can play a near-infinite amount of notes simultaneously (like a piano). However, most synthesizers still have the option of playing in a monophonic or polyphonic mode. Quite simply, a monophonic (think ‘mono’) synthesizer can only play one note at a time, and a polyphonic one can play two or more. The monophonic setting can be useful for some lead and bass sounds, as it prevents two keys from being held down accidentally and overlapping each other. Portamento/Glide: Gives the ability to slide between notes. The effect of portamento is best used on monophonic sounds to create a bending between notes, but can also be used polyphonically when played in the style of block chords. The time (and occasionally scale) of the glide effect can be changed, allowing...
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Basic Sound Synthesis: Part 6 – Arpeggiators and Sequencers

Arpeggiators and sequencers have been part of synthesizers since the 1970s, when basic patterns could be played without having to manually press the keys down, allowing complex melodies to be played with 100% accuracy at any speed. Nowadays, sequencers and arpeggiators have become infinitely more complex, mostly due to the fact that they are programmable from a software interface, where a whole song can easily be programmed with a MIDI keyboard and a mouse. The arpeggiator or sequencer built into your trusty synthesizer is not to be ignored however, and the following information will hopefully give you some idea of the power such functions posses. Arpeggiators are designed to create small melodic patterns from the notes the player gives the synthesizer. For example, the user may hold down the C, E, and G keys on the synthesizer, and with the arpeggiator active it would repeatedly play the selected keys in various different ways depending on how it was programmed. Arpeggiators can...
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Basic Sound Synthesis: Part 5 – Effects Part 2

Distortion: A popular effect when used on electric guitars, distortion is the process of boosting the synthesizers signal over the limit, to the point where it clips and can remove parts of the audio range. It is also possible to distort signals so that additional harmonics in the frequency range are created. Distortion, or ‘overdrive’, are not common effects used on synthesizers due to the unpleasant clipping of the signal, although used creatively it can produce interesting effects. Phaser: In phasing, the signal is fed through an all-pass filter which creates peaks and notches (highs and lows within the frequency spectrum). When done statically, this creates modifications in the signal from the synthesizer, but to create a moving effect an LFO is used to sweep the comb filter, creating the standard phaser sound. Phasers can be used in various different stages, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, or even more, with the more stages being used the more effective the...
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